Holstein Cow Humerus

Features:

• The head of the humerus (rounded part at the proximal end) articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Human vs. Non-human Comparison:

• Greater tubercle is often more developed in non-human mammals than humans

• Head of the human humerus is more hemispherical than non-human mammals

• Medial epicondyle on non-humans are oriented vertically compared to humans which are oriented horizontally

• Deltoid tuberosity (or process) in humans is not very distinguishable compared to some non-human mammals such as armadillo, beaver, cow, dog, and horse.